New York Law (NYLE) Practice Exam

What may the reviewing court review after a final judgment is issued?

1. The final judgment only

2. The two non-final orders only

3. The last non-final order and the final judgment only

4. All non-final and final orders and judgments

The correct answer is: All non-final and final orders and judgments

The reviewing court has the authority to examine all non-final and final orders and judgments. This broad scope of review is grounded in principles of appellate practice, which aim to ensure that a party's rights are fully protected throughout the entire judicial process. When a party appeals a final judgment, the reviewing court can consider any errors that may have occurred in prior non-final orders that contributed to the final outcome of the case. This comprehensive review allows the appellate court to assess the case in its entirety, ensuring that all relevant legal issues and procedural matters are addressed. This option reflects the idea that appellate courts seek justice not just in the final judgment, but also in the rulings made throughout the litigation that might have influenced that judgment. By allowing for the review of all relevant orders and rulings, the appellate system upholds the integrity of the judicial process and ensures that justice is served.